麻辣校园

新概念四     第32课           授课老师：新东方JERRY岳军         07年10月14日

（黑线部分为课文单词，蓝体为课后补充）

关联词

physicist & astronomer物理学家&天文学家

founder of the modern physics现代物理学的奠基人

sun-center以太阳为中心

leaning tower of Pisa比萨斜塔

Copernicus哥白尼（Nicolaus， 1473-1543， 波兰天文学家）

占星学astrology

 

有争议的，悬而未决的controversial

controversial theory/issue/report

 

There’s much controversy over the issue of …, someone claims that…, while others argue that… In the last analysis, I’m convinced that…(这是很好的写作套路，学会应用)

 

纠纷，骚动，纷争，灰尘dust

争分夺秒race against time/clock

政治纷争political dust

军事纷争military dust

意识形态纷争ideological dust

意识形态ideology

尘归尘，土归土Ash to ash, dust to dust

卧薪尝胆eat dust

The emporer Yue ate dust for several years and finally fought back/turned against and won.     反目turn against

引起骚动kick up dust          raise dust

在我看来in my perspective

传统中国文化traditional Chinese culture

中药traditional Chinese medicine

traditional character

 

冲突clash

 

罗马天主教的）宗教法庭Inquisition

 

观点，看法perspective

 

蔑视despise

轻视, 贬低, 小看,鄙视belittle/contempt

belittle oneself自卑

A poor but honest man is not to be belittled.穷而诚实的人是不该让人小看的。

 

亚里士多德学派的人Aristotelian

亚里士多德（公元前384-322，古希腊哲学家）Aristotle

托勒密Ptolemy（公元90-168，古希腊天文学家）

Leaning Tower of Pisa比萨斜塔

 

Aristotle把学说分类，在以下方面有很大的贡献：

物理学physics

修辞学rhetoric

诗歌poetry

读心术psychology

柏拉图把Aristotle看做学派灵魂mind of school

 

归纳Generalize—summarize

All generalizations are false, inluding this one(马克.吐温)

罗素悖论paradox

More haste, less speed欲速则不达

 

undercurrent潜流;人群潜伏情绪

理论上的theoretical

潜能potentiality

静水流深Still water runs deep.

主流mainstream

详尽的，亲密的intimate

表达”亲密的朋友”，不要用intimate,dear，就用friends

 

熟悉familiarity

熟人, 相识;知识, 心得, 感性认识acquaintance

a speaking acquaintance泛泛之交

I have no acquaintance with this book.我不熟悉这本书。

I have some acquaintance with English, but I do not know it well.

我稍懂些英语, 但并不精通。He has a large circle of acquaintances.他有很多相识的熟人。

a passing acquaintance with对...的浮浅的了解

drop [cut] sb.'s acquaintance (=cut an acquaintance with sb.)和某人绝交

have a nodding acquaintance with sb.与某人有点头之交; (对某学科)略知一二

have no acquaintance with不熟悉, 不了解

make the acquaintance of sb.结识某人

make sb.'s acquaintance结识某人

pick acquaintance with偶然结识[认识]

 

应受谴责的culpable

 

罪犯culprit    main culprit主犯, 罪魁祸首

 

螺旋状的spiral

沉默的螺旋（从众心理）silence spiral

 

星云nebula

 

擦痕scratch

 

随便吃点东西scratch a meal/some food

 

老头乐scratch back

 

泼妇scratch cat

 

器械；精巧构思的东西contrivance(略微带点贬义)

家用电器domestic appliance

工具, 手段, 方法, 傀儡Instrument

 

歪曲distort

Distort the fact

Misrepresent/mispresent 可换distort

Falsify

 

美联社Associated Press,AP

纽约时报The New York Times

华盛顿邮报Washington Post

社论版Editorial

课后推荐：

搜索“安替”, 《新新闻人自学手册全集》

《英汉英美报刊词典》

电视剧《白宫群英传》The West Wind

 

课文  加利略的复生

In his own lifetime, Galileo was the centre of violent controversy; but the scientific dust has long since settled, and today we can see even his famous clash with the Inquisition in something like its proper perspective. But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.

The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated. He was, above all, a man who experimented: who despised the prejudices and book learning of the Aristotelians, who put his questions to nature instead of to the ancients, and who drew his conclusions fearlessly. He had been the first to turn a telescope to the sky, and he had seen there evidence enough to overthrow Aristotle and Ptolemy together. He was the man who climbed the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped various weights from the top, who rolled balls down inclined planes, and then generalized the results of his many experiments into the famous law of free fall.

But a closer study of the evidence, supported by a deeper sense of the period, and particularly by a new consciousness of the philosophical undercurrents in the scientific revolution, has profoundly modified this view of Galileo. Today, although the old Galileo lives on in many popular writings, among historians of science a new and more sophisticated picture has emerged. At the same time our sympathy for Galileo’s opponents has grown somewhat. His telescopic observations are justly immortal: they aroused great interest at the time, they had important theoretical consequences, and they provided a striking demonstration of the potentialities hidden in instruments and apparatus. But can we blame those who looked and failed to see what Galileo saw, if we remember that to use a telescope at the limit of its powers calls for long experience and intimate familiarity with one’s instrument? Was the philosopher who refused to look through Galileo’s telescope more culpable than those who alleged that the spiral nebulae observed with Lord Rosse’s great telescope in the eighteen-forties were scratches left by the grinder? We can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo’s spyglass if we recall that in his day, as for centuries before, curved glass was the popluar contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth; and if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them?

MICHAEL HOSKIN GALILEO REBORN from The Listener