麻辣校园

新概念四     第22课           授课老师：新东方EVER陈千谦        07年10月27日

（黑线部分为课文单词，蓝体为课后补充）

KNOWLEDGE AND PROGRESS 知识和进步

本文是篇ARGUMENTATION

课文的开头为经典开头，用了疑问句，首尾呼应

文章用了层层推进、反复、顶真的写作手法，并运用了暗喻、反问、讽刺、举例、强调。

 

介绍BACKGROUND INFORMATION时的相关词语：

缺乏交流lack of communication

缺少爱lack of love

车祸car accident

健康衰退declining health

在线犯罪online crime

道德上或伦理上是错误的ethically wrong

违背自然规律violation of the law of nature

破坏人类和世界devastation of human being and the whole world

适者生存survival of the fittest

 

赫然耸起loom

＝appear/emerge/issue/show up

Dementors loomed in front of Harry. Dementor:摄魂怪

dement= drive people crazy

 

明显的manifest

＝visible/plain/apparent/explicit/evident/obvious

be manifest at a glance一目了然

The contradiction manifested itself in the employment situation.

Unlike acid rain or deforestation（乱砍乱伐）, global warming has no visible manifestation.

Manifesto of the Communist Party共产党宣言

 

道德morality

=ethlic             moral=ethical         种族的ethnic           士气team spirit/morale

 

交流，交际communicate

词根Mun-:公共

Community社团

Commute坐公共汽车和来来回回的人，台湾称“通勤”

Immune免疫的

Uni-:惟一的

China Telecom中国电信

China Unicom中国联通

 

复合的compound

compound substance复合物

compound eye复眼

compound management综合管理

compound interest复利

 

增进enhance

=better/enrich/improve/uplift

enhancement(n.)

词根Han-:升高        hang悬挂         hanger晾衣架

Extensive reading enchances our knowledge, frequent talking betters our expression, profound thinking forges our personality.广泛的阅读增加我们的知识，频繁的交流促进我们的表达，深刻的思考磨砺我们的个性。

 

速率tempo

词根temp-:时间

temporary        contemporary

quick/slow tempo

Tempo, rhythm, volume, pitch and tone are decisive formula to a persuasive speech.

语速，节奏，音量，声调高低，语气决定了演讲的说服力。

 

涓涓细流trickle

brook/creek/stream           river           lake

The audience trickled in（陆陆续续地走了进来）.

information trickled out（慢慢地传了开来）.

There was a trickle of bood from the wound（汩汩地流了出来）.

 

滔滔洪流torrent

=cataract/flood/spate

bit torrent=BT

1 byte=8 bit   byte=字节   bit=比特

 

人类humanity

=human/human being/humankind/man/mortal/people/individuals

justice and humanity仁和义

virtue cycle良性循环

humane仁道的，仁慈的

a humane judge

humane education人文主义教育

 

不在乎地indifferently

be indifferent to hardships and dangers

an indifferent performance水平一般的演出

remain indifferent in dipute在争论中保持中立

indifferent food很一般的饭菜

 

恐怖地grimly

Grim恐怖的

the grim reality残酷的现实

a grim determination不屈的决心

a grim laugh狞笑

a grim struggle生死搏斗

a grim competition残酷的竞争

怪诞的whimsical      whimsy(n.)

＝arbitrary,另有“武断的，任性的”意思

a whimsical personality反复无常的个性

 

毁坏shatter

break普通词，指打破东西

crack打了一条缝，有声音，没碎

shatter程度深，指全部成碎片

smash摧毁，什么都没有了

crush压碎（外力作用）

damage普通词

destroy程度深，彻底地摧毁，一般表抽象

ruin造成伤害，一般无法挽回

devastate毁灭，荒芜

spoil宠坏，弄坏心情

 

双重的twofold

It has twofold features.

threefold    fourfold           manifold    

double eyelid

double chin

 

loom large=become important

The idea of sustainable development(可持续发展) looms large when human being is confronted with the crisis of energy exhaustion.

Intellectual poperty rights(知识产权)looms large as overwhelming piracy(海盗行为,剽窃,著作权侵害)in China draws the attentionof the rest of the world.

The issue of terrorism loomed so large at the summit conference, especially when involved with mass carnage.

 

at large=as a whole/free详细地(逍遥自在的,笼统地,充分地,普通的)

The country at large is hoping for new changes.

The outlaw is still at large.(逍遥法外)

 

particular: minute/concrete/specific/special

take place: loom/emerge/appear/issue/show up/occur

more and more越来越: increasingly/progressively/gradually

 

undergo: experience/go through/encounter

 

extraordinary: remarkable/exceptional/marvelous/noteworthy

 

Dust quickly accumulates if we don’t sweep our room.（积灰）

 

增长（vi.）:

increase/advanc/augment/expand/multiply/ascend/grow/go up/mount/soar/creep/crawl/climb

增长(vt.):

raise/boost/lift/increase/push/foster/promote

减少(vi.):

descend/drop/fall/go down/ decline

减少(vt.):

reduce/decrease/diminish/lesson/lower/cut

 

by all means没问题，当然好

by no means决不做某事

live beyond/ within one’s means

The end justifies the means.为目的不择手段。

 

in one’s turn轮到某人

by turns轮流

support赡养

at every turn有秩序地=at every moment/at every place

out of turn无序地,另两个互换词disorder, anarchy

 

coming/approaching/looming/emerging/arising/impending

 

according to: out of 因为/in accordance with/ in terms of 按照，因为

 

aurora/polar lights极光

 

Kids grow into teenagers, teenagers grow into adults, adults grow into old men; this is the invariable cycle of birth, growth and dealth.

 

Spectacle         a pair of spectacle

Viewed from the top of mount Tai, the sunrise was indeed a spectacle.

I can't see things through your spectacles.   我和你的看法不同。
2. The old man put on his spectacles and started reading.   老人戴上眼镜开始看书。
3. The celebrations provided a magnificent spectacle.   庆祝活动呈现一派宏伟的景象。
4. The children took in the spectacle open-mouthed.   孩子们张著嘴注视精彩表演.

make a spectacle of oneself=drop a brick/ make a show of oneself出洋相

 

在手上at hand

手工制作的by hand

在掌握中in hand

可使用的on hand=available

out of hand

to hand=nearby

即兴的off hand             off hand speech

脸皮厚a cool hand

行家，好手a crack/good hand

你是个牛人！You’re something!

a fresh/green hand新手

an old hand(at)老手

ask for a lady’s hand求婚

give one’s hand to sb答应和某人结婚

Hands up! 举起手来

A clean hand needs no washing.清者自清

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。

 

一篇好的文章，尽量用到所有的修辞手法：

头韵、尾韵、排比、名言、事实、疑问、反问、明喻、暗喻、拟人

 

课文

Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary prgress in the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow untill, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. Moreover, as soon as the result of a balanced development of all man’s nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them? We have to ask ourselves very seroiously what will happen if this twofold use for knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.