麻辣校园

新概念四  第16课   授课老师：新东方岳军JERRY    07年11月25日

THE MODERN CITY现代城市

NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS生词和短语

1.     physiological生理的

2.     maximum最大限度的，最大值

The train has a maximum speed ofo 300km/h.

maximum benefi最大利益

maximize最大化

maximize the interest of the project最大化这项工程的利益

maximize the efficiency of learning最大化学习效率

minimum最小限度的,最小值

minimize最小化

maximal, minimal  (adj.)

minimize the cost/expense/expenditure of the institute’s operation

最小化这个机构运作的开支

hazard: risk

initial初级的

in initial stage/phase of socialist社会主义初级阶段

expand扩展           enlarge扩大      magnify扩大     amplify变大      wax逐步变大

 

3.     consideration考虑

the initial consideration首先会考虑的因素

As for an ideal wife, charming apperance is my initial consideration.

对于一个理想的老婆，我首先考虑的是迷人的外表。

As for an ideal doctor, sense of responsbility and morality is my first consideration/

initiate/lunch a new project

This nulcear power project is under careful consideration.

take sth into account/consideration

a considered opinion一个经过考虑的意见、一个深思熟虑的意见

 

4.     descendant子孙,后代

de-:往下

前辈ancestor/forebear/forefather后辈predecessor

 

5.     artificial人工的；人造的；假的；仿造的

artificial intelligence人工智能

artificial sweetener人工甜味剂

superficial肤浅的

fake造假的

fabricate捏造的

 

6.     impose强加,增收

impose fine on sb向某人征收罚款

A wise teacher imparts(传授) knowledge, not impose it.

impose one’s opinion on sb

 

7.     dimension/diameter直径

frank直肠子、心直口快

staight talks实话实说

until the end of the world直到地老天荒

municipal government directly charged by the central government直辖市

municipal government市政府

affiliate/attach附属

an affiliated hospital附属医院

directly affliated to直属

 

8.     skyscrapper摩天大楼

soaring buildings高耸于云的大楼

soaring fire

 

9.     tenant租户，房客

landlord房东

landlady女房东

maidservant女仆

manservant男仆

 

10. civilized文明的

civil:

1)     文明 civil manners文明言行

2)     民用 China Civil Aviation中国民航

3)     国内的civil war内战

civil officers部队里的文官

civil servant公务员

military airport军用机场

civil airport民用机场

 

11. banal平庸的，平淡无奇的  obscure名不见经传的,普通的   指人时可替换

celebrity名人

obsurity普通人

insipid枯燥无味的  an insipid conversation/meeting

monotonous单调的

pedestrian行人

elegant/graceful/delicate manners优雅的举止

 

12. luxury豪华

luxurious/extravagant豪华的

exclusive专卖的,高档的

 

13. deprive剥夺

deprive sb of his/her political rights

He was sentenced into life imprisonment(终身监禁) and was deprived of his political rights for the rest of his life.

strip剥（洋葱），脱（衣服）

striper美俚](戴有臂章的)现役军人或海军军官

 

14. monstrous原义巨大的，引申义可怕的畸形的，口语可恶的，负面词带感情色彩

形容词巨大的

gigantic, tremendous,immense, enormous, fantastic, colossal, vast(指面积), huge(指体积) ,titanic

 

15. edifice大厦

 

16. toxic有毒的,陶醉的

toxi/tox-: poison

detoxicate解毒

 

17. ceaselessly不停地

cease-fire agreement停火协议

 

18. throng原义为人群，引申为挤满,壅塞 

cramped空间拥挤

people be packed like sadins人山人海

She got lost in the throng

be thronged with… 被挤满了…

 

neglect指本不应忽视却忽视了

ignore有意忽视

neglect one’s duty玩忽职守

 

influence of sth upon

In the modern campus life the influence of education system upon the

physiologicalandmental state of the students has been completely neglected.

 

be based on the conception of基于…理念

be based on the assumption of

be based on the illusion of

concept大众的概念

conception一小部分人的理解和认识（负面词）

 

without any idea of/without giving any consideration to/with no regard for/pay no

regard for/show no regard for 完全没有考虑到

 

artificial mode of existence 人为的生存方式

 

too large masses of大量的

 

urbanization城市化

suburbanization市郊化

 

由…组成

consist of (用主动语态)

be composed of

be comprised of

be made up of

 

two-edge sword双刃剑

 

TEXT

THE MODERN CITY

In the organizaton of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological

and mental state of the works has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based

on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual

or a group of individual may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without

any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without

giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their

descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities

have been built with no regard fro us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers

depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of

ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This

caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings

are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the

comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of

the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark,

narrow streets full of petrol and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries

and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been

planned for the good of its inhabitants.

ALEXIS CARREL MAN, the Unknown